Cross-enterprise Document Sharing for Imaging (XDS-I.b) is an interoperability profile that extends XDS to share images, diagnostic reports and related information across a group of care sites.
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Summary
XDS-I.b provides a solution for publishing, finding and retrieving imaging documents across a group of affiliated enterprises.
Drivers for laptop XDS XTRA Datensysteme XTRA 686: the following page shows a menu of 29 devices compatible with the laptop model XTRA 686, manufactured by 'XDS XTRA Datensysteme'. To download the necessary driver, select a device from the menu below that you need a driver for and follow the link to download. Followed their instructions - got to the first menu to choose which option; (Xtra-PC or the memory tests, etc), chose 'Xtra-PC' and it wouldn't boot. Just a black screen, forever. This is on a 5 year old laptop, in perfect working order. I'm testing this 'product' for a friend who also couldn't get it to boot. To be able to boot your computer from USB, there needs to be support for it in the BIOS. If the computer is quite old, your only option might be using a handy tool called Plop Boot Manager to allow you to boot to USB even if your BIOS won't allow it.
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- The Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Integration Profile: assumes that the enterprises belong to one or more XDS Affinity Domains. An XDS Affinity Domain is a group of healthcare enterprises that have agreed to work together using a common set of policies and share a common infrastructure.
Affiliated Enterprises such as radiology departments, private physicians, clinics, long term care, and acute care centers can contribute and access imaging documents of interest.
Imaging documents include:
- Imaging studies (images, measurements, results from analysis packages, presentation states);
- Diagnostic reports for imaging studies;
- Key Image selections associated with the report content for their diagnostic significance.
Benefits
Imaging component of the Electronic Health Record
- Shared imaging Record, in a community, region, etc.
Effective means to contribute and access imaging documents across health enterprises
- Without XDS-I.b, access to the radiology report across health enterprises is difficult
Scalable sharing of imaging documents
- Sharing imaging documents between radiology departments, private physicians, clinics, long term care, acute care with different clinical IT systems.
Easy access to imaging documents
- Care providers are offered means to query and retrieve imaging documents (images and reports) of interest using the same mechanisms used to query other documents
Details
An Imaging Document Source that wants to share a set of images and/ or imaging information objects such as a presentation state constructs a DICOM manifest that references the DICOM instances that are to be published. The manifest along with metadata is submitted to the Document Repository. The metadata describes the information that is shared. Besides information about the patient and information required by the XDS profile, the Imaging Document Source provides metadata information that is image specific such as the type of imaging procedure, the modality and the anatomic region. Images and/ or imaging information objects that are made available are not transferred to the Document Repository. Instead, the Imaging Document Source is required to make them available to be retrieved.
An Imaging Document Consumer that is interested in retrieving previously published imaging information, queries the registry ( i.e. find all CT of the Head of patient John Doe for the last 2 years) and retrieves the manifest of interest. The Imaging Document Consumer decodes the manifest to extract the identifiers that uniquely identifies the available imaging information. The Imaging Document Consumer retrieves the images and/ or imaging information objects from the Imaging Document Source.
An Imaging Document Source that wants to share an imaging report constructs a document that is shared either in a PDF and /or CDA (containing only text) format. The report is submitted to the Document Repository.
A Document Consumer (any Document Consumer and not only Imaging Document Consumer) that is interested in retrieving previously published imaging report, queries the registry and retrieves the report from the Document Repository.
Systems Affected
PACS and Workstations might implement an Imaging Document Source to provide and submit images and/ or imaging reports.
RIS might implement an Imaging Document Source to provide and submit imaging reports.
PACS, Workstation, RIS and non-radiology workstations might implement an Imaging Document Consumer to retrieve and display images and imaging reports.
Actors & Transactions:
Differences between WADO-URL [RAD-55] and Retrieve Imaging Document Set [RAD-69]
Category | WADO-URL [RAD-55] | Retrieve Imaging Document Set [RAD-69] |
---|---|---|
Technology Stack | Simple HTTP. Usually no additional library required for implementation. | SOAP over HTTP. Usually require some kind of library to handle SOAP messages. |
Request | Simple HTTP parameterized URL | Specific SOAP envelop format |
Response | Simple DICOM Part 10 object by default | DICOM Part 10 objects returned in MTOM/XOP |
Request content | Only a single object per request. Always fully references study/series/image UID | Allow one or more objects per request. |
Optional behavior | Supports rendering (e.g. retrieve DICOM images as jpeg or DICOM SR as HTML). This is included in the base DICOM WADO-URL specification, not additional specification in XDS-I.b. | Only supports retrieving DICOM objects as Part 10 object. No rendering support (Note: WADO-WS as defined in DICOM (now deprecated) has additional rendering and retrieve metadata capabilities, but these are not defined in RAD-69) |
Authentication | Supports ATNA bi-directional certifcate authentication | Supports ATNA bi-directional certifcate authentication |
Additional Security | None | Supports same set of security related functionality as the rest of XDS. e.g. XUA XUA++ using SAML token, optional asynchronous response using WS-Addressing, BPPC APPC, etc. |

In XDS-I.b, the Imaging Document Source covers all the retrieve protocols supported at the time when it was defined (DICOM DIMSE, Simple HTTP URL, SOAP over HTTP) to cover all the bases. If you also want to support the new DICOMweb WADO-RS, then one can group the Imaging Document Source with an Imaging Document Source in WIA Web-based Image Access too.
Specification
Profile Status: Final Text
Documents:
- Vol. 1 - Section 18 (XDS-I.b Profile)
Underlying Standards:
See Also
Related Profiles
- Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) provides the basic document registration and query capabilities that this profile builds on.
- Cross-enterprise Sharing of Scanned Documents (XDS-SD) provides the CDA-wrapper for plain text reports
Consumer Information
The XDS-I FAQ answers typical questions about what the Profile does.
The XDS-I Purchasing describes considerations when purchasing equipment to deploy this Profile.
Implementer Information
The XDS-I Implementation provides additional information about implementing this Profile in software.
There are a variety of additional pages with XDS Implementation Information:
Reference Articles
- ACR–AAPM–SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging. J.T. Norweck, et al., SIIM & ACR Publication, Sept. 2012
- Grid-based implementation of XDS-I as part of image-enabled EHR for regional healthcare in Shanghai, Zhang, j. et al, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY, 2011link
- Research of Related Issues in Regional Sharing for IHE XDS and Medical Imaging, ZHENG X., WU Y., XIA X., Chinese Medical Equipment Journal, July, 2009 link
- PACS: Beyond Radiology, S. Storkson, A. Aslaksen, International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Volume 4, Supplement 1 / June, 2009 link
- Image Distribution, P. Chang, Practical Imaging Informatics, 2009 link
- Image Exchange: IHE and the Evolution of Image Sharing, DS Mendelson et al, Radiographics, 2008 link
This page is based on the Profile Template
Downloading and Installation of XDS
The XDS package comprises two compressed tar-files containingthe documentation and the executable programs, respectively.
Documentation
To obtain a local copy of the XDS documentation (and the .INP filetemplates), download the compressed tar-file named XDS_html_doc.tar.gzto your Desktop. Uncompress and untar the downloaded file. This willcreate a directory named XDS_html_doc that you can locally access forconsultation by your browser. Thedownloaded tar-file is no longer needed and can be deleted.
Executables
(Expiration date: Mar 31, 2021)
For downloading select the tar-file appropriate for yourcomputer and operating system.
name of tar-file for downloading | computer | operating system |
---|---|---|
XDS-INTEL64_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz | Xeon, Intel Core Duo, Opteron | Linux x86_64, 64 bit |
XDS-OSX_64.tar.gz | iMac, MacBookPro,Intel processors | Mac OSX version_min,10.10, 64 bit |
NOTE Installation of XDS under macOS Catalina.
After downloading the XDS-OSX_64 tarfile un-tar it and run the xattr command:
tar xvf XDS-OSX_64.tar
xattr -dr com.apple.quarantine XDS-OSX_64/*
in order to avoid the message 'quarantine because untrusted software'.
The downloaded file contains the executables as mentioned in the table below.
Executable | Programs that can be called by the user are in bold face. |
xds | Program for processing rotation images using a single cpu at each cluster node. |
xds_par | Multi-processor version of xds for up to 99 cpu's at each cluster node. |
xscale | Scaling program for XDS-produced data sets (single-processor version). |
xscale_par | Multi-processor version of xscale for up to 99 cpu's. |
xdsconv | Converts reflection intensities determined by XDS to amplitudes in a format suitable for various structure solution program packages. |
2cbf | Program to convert various detector image formats to CBF. |
merge2cbf | Program to convert (and merge) a series of detector images from their native format to CBF. |
cellparm | Computes mean cell constants from a number of XDS-runs. |
pix2lab | Helps to find the correct mapping of image pixels to the laboratory frame. |
The following programs are called only by XDS | |
forkxds | Shell script invoked by XDS for distributing computations to the nodes of a cluster. |
mcolspot | invoked by forkxds as a main program in single-processor mode for spot finding. |
mcolspot_par | invoked by forkxds as a main program running under OpenMP for spot finding. |
mintegrate | invoked by forkxds as a main program in single-processor mode for integration. |
mintegrate_par | invoked by forkxds as a main program running under OpenMP for integration. |
Installation
System or administrator privileges are not required for installation.The XDS package is just a folder containing the executables listedabove and all you have to do for installation is to include this folder in the search path for executables.
Uncompress and untar the downloaded file. This will create a directory named XDS-INTEL64_Linux_x86_64, for example, when you selected theXDS-package for your Intel Core Duo processor running Ubuntu8.1.
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Type echo $SHELL to find out which shell you are using. For the bash shell you could append the following lines to your standard personal initialization file ~/.bashrc. (For Mac OS use ~/.bash_login instead).
export PATH=full_path_name_to/XDS-INTEL64_Linux_x86_64:$PATH
export KMP_STACKSIZE=8m
The first line makes the executables of the XDS package accessible, while the second line defines the stack size limit of the Linux POSIX threads libraries used by OpenMP for xds_par. The limit 8m may need to be increased if xds_par collapses with a segmentation fault in the COLSPOT or INTEGRATE step for some of your data sets.
This completes installation of the XDS package for the example case. As a checkyou can open a new terminal window and issue the command which xdsor which 2cbf or which forkxds.Removal of an obsolete XDS package is equally simple and only requires deletion of the folder and of two lines in your ~/.bashrc script. There are no other side effects to worry about.
Installation on a computer cluster
Additional work is only needed for installation of XDS on a cluster system of computer nodes in a networked (NFS) environment where each nodemay in turn consist of several cpu cores sharing a common address space.To prevent being asked for a password each time by each of the nodes,use of authentication keys for ssh is recommended. For each user such a key can be generated by the following procedure.
- Log in to the peer node of the cluster system and type the commandssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.xds.If it asks you for a passphrase, leave it empty.
- The resulting public key, ~/.ssh/id_rsa.xds.pub, should then beappended to your authorized keys by the command
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.xds.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys - Set the correct file mode bits by the command
chmod 400 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
